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1. Physiology:
a.Respiration: Pulmonary volumes and capacities; respiratory adaptations at high
altitude and in diving mammals; Structure of hemoglobin, Transport of gases,
regulation of respiration, respiratory disorders in man.
b. Circulation: Cardiac cycle and its regulation, hemodynamics, electrical
characters of heart, cardiovascular diseases in man.
c. Excretion: Excretory organs in animal; human kidney; urine formation; urea
cycle; physiology of micturition; kidney disorders.
d. Muscle Physiology: Molecular basis of muscle contraction, energetics of
muscle contraction.
e.Nerve physiology: Classification of neurons and their functions; reflex action;
structure and function of brain, sense organs; memory; sleep, Alzheimer’s
disease, schizophrenia; dementia, epilepsy; Parkinson’s disease.
f. Endocrine system: Major hormones and their functions; mechanisms of
hormonal action; neurohormones; hormonal disorders.
g. Environmental physiology: Regulation of body temperature; osmotic and ionic
regulation.
2. Biochemistry:
a. Carbohydrates: Classification, structure and properties; reactions of
carbohydrates.
b. Lipids: Classification, structure and properties; fatty acid metabolism.c. Protein: Classification of amino acids; reactions of proteins; structures of
proteins.
d. Nucleic acids: Structure of RNA and DNA.
e. Enzymes: Classification of enzymes; mechanisms of enzyme action;
Michaelis-Menten equation- derivation, double reciprocal plot, LineWeaverBruke method, Significance of KM and Vmax values; regulation of enzyme
activity.
f. Bioenergetics
g.Metabolism and biosynthesis of biomolecules
3. Cell biology:
Molecular Biology and Genetics: Structure and functions of cell membrane;
organization of chromatin and chromosome; cell cycle and cell death; cell
organelles; cell signaling; DNA as genetic material; DNA structure and
replication; DNA repair; genetic code; eukaryotic and prokaryotic genome;
mutation; protein synthesis in eukaryotes and prokaryotes; gene regulation;
operon concept with examples; transposons; genetics of cancer; prokaryotic
and eukaryotic genome; recombinant DNA technology; cloning and expression
vectors; genetically modified organisms; PCR; southern, western and northern
blotting; chromosome walking and jumping; DNA finger printing; microbial
genetics; organelle genome; human genome project
4. Ecology:
Structure and function of ecosystem; habitat; niche; energy flow; mineral
cycling; population ecology; community ecology; ecological succession;
pollution; ecological foot print; climate change; global warming; carbon trading;
remote sensing; biogeography; bio geographical zones of India; biodiversity;
conservation biology
5 . Systematics:
Alpha, beta and gamma taxonomy; taxonomic procedure; species concept;
zoological nomenclature; molecular taxonomy; ethics in taxonomy
6. Ethology:
Learning; social behavior; reproductive behavior; sign stimuli; social releasers;
ethograms; super normal stimuli; stimulus filtering; motivating factors;
instinctive behavior; navigation and migration; genetics of behavior
7.Evolution:
Evolutionary theories; Origin and evolution of biological molecules; micro
evolution and macro evolution; molecular clock; modern concepts of Adam and
Eve; evolution of man
8.Immunology:
Type of immunity; mechanisms of immunity; diversity of immunoglobulins and
t-cell receptors; MHC complex; primary and secondary immunodeficiency
diseases; auto-immunity; organ transplantation; immune effector mechanisms;
vaccines.
9.Biophysics:
Bio-acoustics; bio-electricity; bio-luminescence; microscopy; spectroscopy;
eleclrophoresis.
10.Biostatistics :
Mean; median, mode; standard deviation; t-test; F-test; chi square; probit
analysis for bioassay.
11. Developmental biology:
Gametogenesis, fertilization and early development; embryogenesis and
organogenesis; molecular and genetic basis of development; metamorphosis;
ageing; environmental regulation of animal development.
PART.II Questions based on Botany
1.Phycology- Classification, phytoplanktons, algal cytology, reproduction, life cycles,
energy sources and pigments, economic and biological importance, thallus structure, cell
ultra structure, reproduction, relationships and evolutionary trends in different groups.
Mycology-General characters, nutrition, reproduction, heterothallism, parasexuality,
classification, phylogeny, Lichenology.
Bryology-General characters, classification, life history, phylogeny, origin and evolution,
fossils.
Pteridology-General characters, life history, cytology, anatomy, evolution of stele,
sporangium, heterospory, seed habit) gametophytes, Apogarny, Apospory and
Parthenogenesis.
Gymnosperms-Geological time scale and connected flora, classification.
2. Microbiology- Microorganisms and their characteristics, biological microbiology.
Plant Pathology-Principles, symptoms, causal agents, Koch’s postulates, eatrogenic
diseases, seed pathology, infection, defence mechanisms, disease management,
biopesticides.
3.Angiosperm Anatomy-Cell wall structure, development, chemical constituents, node,
leaf trace and branch trace, primary and secondary structure of stem, leaf, secondary
growth, anomalous secondary growth, seedling anatomy.
Angiospenn Embryology-Micro and mega sporogenesis, embryo sac, pollen- pistil
interaction, in vitro pollination and fertilization, embryos, endosperm, polyembryony,
apomixes, parthenocarpy.
Palynology-Pollen morphology, evolution, Aero, melitto, forensic, allergy,oil
exploration, paleopalynology.Palynology in relation to taxonomy.
4.Laboratory Techniques-Killing, fixing, dehydration, stains, permanent serial sections,
whole mounts, maceration, histochemical tests.
Cell Biology-Cell structure, reproduction, cell cycles, meiotic defects, and human
diseases, programmed cell death, aging, cell signalling, cell interactions, cellular
differentiation, Cancer, metastasis.
Molecular Biology-Molecular biology of gene, c-value paradox, replication of DNA,
primosomes, replisomes, telomears and its function, gene expression, protein synthesis,
mutation, molecular evolution, phylogenetics.
Biophysics-pH and buffer solutions, Henderson and Hasselbalch equation,
chromatography, Electrophoresis, centrifugation, colorimetry, spectrophotometry, BeerLamberts law,
Radiobiology, immunochemistry, RIA, ELISA, cryobiology.
5.Cytogenetics-Aneuplolds, euploids, heterozygotes, Robertsonian translocation; B-A
translocation. Karyotype, chromosome aberrations, molecular cytogenetics, computer
assisted chromosome analysis, chromosome micro-dissection and micro-cloning; flow
Cytometry, polytene and lampbmsh chromosomes, Supernumerary chromosomes.
Genetics-Mendelism,gene interactions, linkage and gene mapping, extra nuclear
inheritance, cytoplasmic male sterility, quantitative genetics, population genetics, human
genetics
Biostatistics-Types and collection of data, tabulation and presentation of data, analysis of
data, measures of dispersion, tests of significance, analysis of variance, correlation and
Regression analysis, expelimental designs, probability, distributions, statistical softwares.
Plant Breeding-Objectives, organizations, breeding systems, genetic resources, methods,
markers quality breeding, IPR.
Evolution-The concept, evidence, theories of evolution, origin of life, reproductive
isolation,
. origin of species, evolution at the molecular level.
6.Plant Ecology & Conservation Biology-Habitat Ecology, Productivity and Energy
flow, Population characteristics, pollution, Threats to the global environment, EIA,
conservation, threatened plants, afforestation, IBP, MAB, IUCN, Environmental
awareness, Biodiversity, National heritages.
Phytogeography-Patterns of plant distribution, phytochoria of world.
Forest Botany-Forest, Forest products, NWFPS, environment, deforestation.
7.Plant Physiology - Water and Cells, Transpiration, Absorption of mineral ions, Plants
and nitrogen, GDH/GS/GOGAT, Photosynthesis, translocation xenobiotic, growth, stress
physiology.
Metabolism - Enzymes, isoenzymes, intermediary metabolism, Glycolysis, TCA cycle,
Oxidation of fatty acids, Oxidative phosphorylation, Gluconeogenesis, Lipid
Biosynthesis, Secondary metabolism.
Biochemistry-The molecular logic of life, biomolecules, secondary metabolites.
8.Morphology & Taxonomy : The concept of primitive angiosperm flower, Origin and
evolution of structure and morphology of floral parts, Principles of Taxonomy,
classification, Taxonomic hierarchy, Plant nomenclature, Concepts of character, Modern
trends in Taxonomy, Classification of Taxonomic literature, Herbarium, BSI, Botanical
Gardens, Plant resources.9.Biotechnology: Plant Tissue Culture, Genetic Engineering-Gene and gene products,
bloating, restriction maps, FISH, PCR, DNA finger printing, DNA chips, DNA
sequencing, HGP, Recombinant DNA Technology, cDNA Libraries, cloned genes,
transgenic plants, enzyme technology, antisense RNA technology; transgene inactivation,
terminator and traitor technologies, cloning, ethics of cloning; patenting of genes and
GMOs, gene piracy, ethics and bio safety aspects, recDNA safety; IPR, bio safety
protocols.
Bioinformatics.Computer application-Computer in Science with special reference to
biology, Information super highway, Internet, WWW, Web browsers, HTTP, HTML,
URLs. Biological networks, Online publications, Free Software Foundation.
Bioinformatics-lntroduction, Biological Databases,-EMBL, GenBank, PJR, SWISSPROT, TrEMBL NRDB, OWL PROSITE, PRINTS, BLOCKS, IDENTIFY, SCOP,
CAT, EST , BLOSUM, DOTPLOT and BLAST, PSI-BLAST, CLUSTAL. DNA
Microarrays, functional genomics, comparative genomics, pharmaco genomics, chemo
informatics, medical informatics.
NOTE: - It may be noted that apart from the topics
detailed above, questions from other topics
prescribed for the educational qualification of the
post may also appear in the question paper. There
is no undertaking that all the topics above may be
covered in the question paper
-->
FULL SYLLABUS OF NON VOCATIONAL TEACHER – BIOLOGY
NON VOCATIONAL TEACHER (JUNIOR)-BIOLOGY
VOCATIONAL HIGHER SECONDARY EDUCATION
(CATEGORY NO. 39/2011)
PART. I Questions based on Zoology1. Physiology:
a.Respiration: Pulmonary volumes and capacities; respiratory adaptations at high
altitude and in diving mammals; Structure of hemoglobin, Transport of gases,
regulation of respiration, respiratory disorders in man.
b. Circulation: Cardiac cycle and its regulation, hemodynamics, electrical
characters of heart, cardiovascular diseases in man.
c. Excretion: Excretory organs in animal; human kidney; urine formation; urea
cycle; physiology of micturition; kidney disorders.
d. Muscle Physiology: Molecular basis of muscle contraction, energetics of
muscle contraction.
e.Nerve physiology: Classification of neurons and their functions; reflex action;
structure and function of brain, sense organs; memory; sleep, Alzheimer’s
disease, schizophrenia; dementia, epilepsy; Parkinson’s disease.
f. Endocrine system: Major hormones and their functions; mechanisms of
hormonal action; neurohormones; hormonal disorders.
g. Environmental physiology: Regulation of body temperature; osmotic and ionic
regulation.
2. Biochemistry:
a. Carbohydrates: Classification, structure and properties; reactions of
carbohydrates.
b. Lipids: Classification, structure and properties; fatty acid metabolism.c. Protein: Classification of amino acids; reactions of proteins; structures of
proteins.
d. Nucleic acids: Structure of RNA and DNA.
e. Enzymes: Classification of enzymes; mechanisms of enzyme action;
Michaelis-Menten equation- derivation, double reciprocal plot, LineWeaverBruke method, Significance of KM and Vmax values; regulation of enzyme
activity.
f. Bioenergetics
g.Metabolism and biosynthesis of biomolecules
3. Cell biology:
Molecular Biology and Genetics: Structure and functions of cell membrane;
organization of chromatin and chromosome; cell cycle and cell death; cell
organelles; cell signaling; DNA as genetic material; DNA structure and
replication; DNA repair; genetic code; eukaryotic and prokaryotic genome;
mutation; protein synthesis in eukaryotes and prokaryotes; gene regulation;
operon concept with examples; transposons; genetics of cancer; prokaryotic
and eukaryotic genome; recombinant DNA technology; cloning and expression
vectors; genetically modified organisms; PCR; southern, western and northern
blotting; chromosome walking and jumping; DNA finger printing; microbial
genetics; organelle genome; human genome project
4. Ecology:
Structure and function of ecosystem; habitat; niche; energy flow; mineral
cycling; population ecology; community ecology; ecological succession;
pollution; ecological foot print; climate change; global warming; carbon trading;
remote sensing; biogeography; bio geographical zones of India; biodiversity;
conservation biology
5 . Systematics:
Alpha, beta and gamma taxonomy; taxonomic procedure; species concept;
zoological nomenclature; molecular taxonomy; ethics in taxonomy
6. Ethology:
Learning; social behavior; reproductive behavior; sign stimuli; social releasers;
ethograms; super normal stimuli; stimulus filtering; motivating factors;
instinctive behavior; navigation and migration; genetics of behavior
7.Evolution:
Evolutionary theories; Origin and evolution of biological molecules; micro
evolution and macro evolution; molecular clock; modern concepts of Adam and
Eve; evolution of man
8.Immunology:
Type of immunity; mechanisms of immunity; diversity of immunoglobulins and
t-cell receptors; MHC complex; primary and secondary immunodeficiency
diseases; auto-immunity; organ transplantation; immune effector mechanisms;
vaccines.
9.Biophysics:
Bio-acoustics; bio-electricity; bio-luminescence; microscopy; spectroscopy;
eleclrophoresis.
10.Biostatistics :
Mean; median, mode; standard deviation; t-test; F-test; chi square; probit
analysis for bioassay.
11. Developmental biology:
Gametogenesis, fertilization and early development; embryogenesis and
organogenesis; molecular and genetic basis of development; metamorphosis;
ageing; environmental regulation of animal development.
PART.II Questions based on Botany
1.Phycology- Classification, phytoplanktons, algal cytology, reproduction, life cycles,
energy sources and pigments, economic and biological importance, thallus structure, cell
ultra structure, reproduction, relationships and evolutionary trends in different groups.
Mycology-General characters, nutrition, reproduction, heterothallism, parasexuality,
classification, phylogeny, Lichenology.
Bryology-General characters, classification, life history, phylogeny, origin and evolution,
fossils.
Pteridology-General characters, life history, cytology, anatomy, evolution of stele,
sporangium, heterospory, seed habit) gametophytes, Apogarny, Apospory and
Parthenogenesis.
Gymnosperms-Geological time scale and connected flora, classification.
2. Microbiology- Microorganisms and their characteristics, biological microbiology.
Plant Pathology-Principles, symptoms, causal agents, Koch’s postulates, eatrogenic
diseases, seed pathology, infection, defence mechanisms, disease management,
biopesticides.
3.Angiosperm Anatomy-Cell wall structure, development, chemical constituents, node,
leaf trace and branch trace, primary and secondary structure of stem, leaf, secondary
growth, anomalous secondary growth, seedling anatomy.
Angiospenn Embryology-Micro and mega sporogenesis, embryo sac, pollen- pistil
interaction, in vitro pollination and fertilization, embryos, endosperm, polyembryony,
apomixes, parthenocarpy.
Palynology-Pollen morphology, evolution, Aero, melitto, forensic, allergy,oil
exploration, paleopalynology.Palynology in relation to taxonomy.
4.Laboratory Techniques-Killing, fixing, dehydration, stains, permanent serial sections,
whole mounts, maceration, histochemical tests.
Cell Biology-Cell structure, reproduction, cell cycles, meiotic defects, and human
diseases, programmed cell death, aging, cell signalling, cell interactions, cellular
differentiation, Cancer, metastasis.
Molecular Biology-Molecular biology of gene, c-value paradox, replication of DNA,
primosomes, replisomes, telomears and its function, gene expression, protein synthesis,
mutation, molecular evolution, phylogenetics.
Biophysics-pH and buffer solutions, Henderson and Hasselbalch equation,
chromatography, Electrophoresis, centrifugation, colorimetry, spectrophotometry, BeerLamberts law,
Radiobiology, immunochemistry, RIA, ELISA, cryobiology.
5.Cytogenetics-Aneuplolds, euploids, heterozygotes, Robertsonian translocation; B-A
translocation. Karyotype, chromosome aberrations, molecular cytogenetics, computer
assisted chromosome analysis, chromosome micro-dissection and micro-cloning; flow
Cytometry, polytene and lampbmsh chromosomes, Supernumerary chromosomes.
Genetics-Mendelism,gene interactions, linkage and gene mapping, extra nuclear
inheritance, cytoplasmic male sterility, quantitative genetics, population genetics, human
genetics
Biostatistics-Types and collection of data, tabulation and presentation of data, analysis of
data, measures of dispersion, tests of significance, analysis of variance, correlation and
Regression analysis, expelimental designs, probability, distributions, statistical softwares.
Plant Breeding-Objectives, organizations, breeding systems, genetic resources, methods,
markers quality breeding, IPR.
Evolution-The concept, evidence, theories of evolution, origin of life, reproductive
isolation,
. origin of species, evolution at the molecular level.
6.Plant Ecology & Conservation Biology-Habitat Ecology, Productivity and Energy
flow, Population characteristics, pollution, Threats to the global environment, EIA,
conservation, threatened plants, afforestation, IBP, MAB, IUCN, Environmental
awareness, Biodiversity, National heritages.
Phytogeography-Patterns of plant distribution, phytochoria of world.
Forest Botany-Forest, Forest products, NWFPS, environment, deforestation.
7.Plant Physiology - Water and Cells, Transpiration, Absorption of mineral ions, Plants
and nitrogen, GDH/GS/GOGAT, Photosynthesis, translocation xenobiotic, growth, stress
physiology.
Metabolism - Enzymes, isoenzymes, intermediary metabolism, Glycolysis, TCA cycle,
Oxidation of fatty acids, Oxidative phosphorylation, Gluconeogenesis, Lipid
Biosynthesis, Secondary metabolism.
Biochemistry-The molecular logic of life, biomolecules, secondary metabolites.
8.Morphology & Taxonomy : The concept of primitive angiosperm flower, Origin and
evolution of structure and morphology of floral parts, Principles of Taxonomy,
classification, Taxonomic hierarchy, Plant nomenclature, Concepts of character, Modern
trends in Taxonomy, Classification of Taxonomic literature, Herbarium, BSI, Botanical
Gardens, Plant resources.9.Biotechnology: Plant Tissue Culture, Genetic Engineering-Gene and gene products,
bloating, restriction maps, FISH, PCR, DNA finger printing, DNA chips, DNA
sequencing, HGP, Recombinant DNA Technology, cDNA Libraries, cloned genes,
transgenic plants, enzyme technology, antisense RNA technology; transgene inactivation,
terminator and traitor technologies, cloning, ethics of cloning; patenting of genes and
GMOs, gene piracy, ethics and bio safety aspects, recDNA safety; IPR, bio safety
protocols.
Bioinformatics.Computer application-Computer in Science with special reference to
biology, Information super highway, Internet, WWW, Web browsers, HTTP, HTML,
URLs. Biological networks, Online publications, Free Software Foundation.
Bioinformatics-lntroduction, Biological Databases,-EMBL, GenBank, PJR, SWISSPROT, TrEMBL NRDB, OWL PROSITE, PRINTS, BLOCKS, IDENTIFY, SCOP,
CAT, EST , BLOSUM, DOTPLOT and BLAST, PSI-BLAST, CLUSTAL. DNA
Microarrays, functional genomics, comparative genomics, pharmaco genomics, chemo
informatics, medical informatics.
NOTE: - It may be noted that apart from the topics
detailed above, questions from other topics
prescribed for the educational qualification of the
post may also appear in the question paper. There
is no undertaking that all the topics above may be
covered in the question paper
-->
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